glass
Glass can be used not only to make fake diamonds, but also as a substitute for any natural gemstone. Fake diamonds made from glass are easily distinguished because of their low refractive index and the absence of flashing colored light from real diamonds. A very simple way to distinguish is to use a white porcelain bowl to hold a bowl of water and immerse the suspected gemstones in clean water. The colorless glass products that pretend to be diamonds seem to disappear into the water and the outline is not clear. The outline of the real diamond is dark. The water is very clear.
Artificial spinel
Like glass, it is produced for the purpose of being a substitute and a fake for many natural gemstones. It differs from diamonds in that it lacks flickering colored light, immersing it in diiodomethane, and the outline is blurred, while true diamonds are very clear.
Crystal and topaz
These are two natural minerals. The colorless and transparent crystals and topaz are a bit like diamonds when they are honed. They look like glass and lack the flickering colored light. In addition, they are all “non-homogeneousâ€, while diamonds are “homogeneous†and can be quickly distinguished by polarizers.
Artificial sapphire
Artificial sapphire is a mass produced material. It is not only a substitute for gemstones, but also has many uses in industry. The colorless and transparent artificial sapphire can also be used as a substitute for diamonds after honing. It is often the case that a piece of jewellery such as a brooch or necklace with a large number of small diamonds may be a part of the diamond, but mixed with some fake diamonds made of artificial sapphire. Since the gemstone is set on the jewellery and the test is inconvenient, the entire piece of jewelry can be immersed in the liquid "diiodomethane". The true diamond is dark in the liquid, as if it is bulging in the liquid, very clear; the artificial sapphire (or crystal) almost disappears in the "diiodomethane", so that it can be seen at a glance. In the absence of "diiodomethane", it is also possible to use clean water. Although the difference between true and false is small, it is still very clear.
In addition, artificial sapphire is also "non-homogeneous", while diamonds are "homogeneous", and the two are easily distinguished by "polarizers".
Zircon
Zircon is a natural mineral. It is also a mid-range gem. The colorless and transparent zircon is a good substitute for diamonds after careful honing. Zircon has a refractive index close to 2 and dispersion is similar to diamonds. Therefore, from the appearance, zircon will also shine with colored light, which is very similar to diamonds. Zircon is the best diamond substitute before the emergence of various artificial rhinestones described later.
Lithium niobate
This is a typical man-made compound, no natural minerals, and the trade name is also called "linobate". Lithium niobate has a hardness of 5.5, similar to ordinary glass and steel knives. The refractive index is similar to diamonds, 2.21-2.30, and the dispersion is 3 times that of diamonds.
Lithium niobate itself is transparent and colorless and therefore a good substitute or impersonation for diamonds. However, the difference is not difficult. First of all, the polished finished product has the same double shadow as the diamond and rutile. In addition, its hardness is too low.
Barium titanate
It is also an artificial compound, without natural minerals, and its trade name is "titanium ore" or "fabu1ite". The barium titanate hardness is 5.5, which may be scratched with a steel needle. The proportion is 5.13, which is 1.46 times that of diamond. Its refractive index is exactly the same as that of diamonds, it is also 2.41, and the dispersion is 4 times that of diamonds. Therefore, after grinding into a gemstone with a colorless and transparent acid, the flash intensity is exactly the same as that of the diamond, but the color is more beautiful than the diamond.
Barium titanate is more like a diamond than lithium niobate because it is also homogeneous, and there is no double shadow observed with a magnifying glass.
Yttrium aluminum garnet
This is also an artificial compound, no natural minerals, and the product code is UAG. The homogeneous body has a hardness of 8.25, a specific gravity of 4.55 and a refractive index of 1.83. Before 1960, colorless and transparent yttrium aluminum garnet was used as a substitute for diamonds. However, its refractive index is too low, and the finished product is far less beautiful than diamonds. Since the later generation of substitutes such as yttrium gallium garnet, which is closer to diamonds, yttrium aluminum garnet has been used as a cheap substitute for other gemstones, and it has no longer been used to grind fake diamonds.
Cubic zirconia
This is an artificial compound specially manufactured as a diamond substitute or a fake, without natural minerals.
Since the cubic zirconia was made in the mid-1970s, the nine artificial gemstone materials described above have only been used as alternatives for medium and low-grade gemstones and are no longer used to grind fake diamonds.
The reason why cubic zirconia can replace all the raw materials of ground diamonds is because it has very similar properties to real diamonds. First, the cubic zirconia has a refractive index of 2.17 and a dispersion of 0.06, which is very close to the diamond and is homogenous to the diamond. Cubic zirconia has a hardness of 8.5, which allows it to be honed into a jewel and can be worn on jewellery for a long time without being scratched and tarnished. Cubic zirconia produces an extremely transparent, completely colorless product. In this way, after grinding it into a gemstone, the appearance is very similar to that of a diamond. It is said that in the years that have just been produced, it has been used as a true diamond to make some experienced gemstones.
Of course, there are still many differences between cubic zirconia and diamonds; the first is hardness, and the substance is not comparable to diamonds. Cubic zirconia is no exception. In addition, cubic zirconia has a specific gravity of 5.6-6, which is 1.6-1.7 times that of diamond. It is possible to measure the specific gravity with the instrument and immediately distinguish it. The commodity code for cubic zirconia is CZ, so the fake diamonds ground with it are often called "CZ drills". Due to its very low price and its appearance, it is very similar to diamonds. CZ has won the welcome of customers. Not only people often wear CZ diamond jewelry, but also people who have real diamond jewelry. They are also wearing CZ drills for safety. jewelry. The output of cubic chromium oxide is also increasing day by day, and the annual production in the United States alone has exceeded 10 million carats, or 200 tons.
Moissanite
It is a synthetic product and the latest diamond imitation. Its common color is yellowish, the chemical composition is silicon carbide, Mohs hardness of 9.25, specific gravity of 3.22. It has a birefringence, a refractive index of 2.648-2.691, and a birefringence of 0.043.
The thermal conductivity of Moissanite is close to that of diamonds. The use of diamond thermal conductivity meter to test Mozambique will have a diamond reaction, so you can't rely on thermal conductivity meter to identify Mosang stone with a 9.5 degree hardness pen to make it inconspicuous. The rubbing pattern, the hardness of the diamond is 10 degrees Mohs, so it is not affected. Due to the high hardness and high refractive index characteristics of the moissanite, the surface of the cut mulberry stone reflects and the gloss is very close to that of the diamond.
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