Among the jade articles of Liangzhu culture, there are many models that are not found in the literature. It is difficult to identify their functional uses or composite parts in archaeological excavation. Therefore, archaeologists have adopted the principle of setting the name and shape of these jade articles. As a unique instrument of Liangzhu culture jade, the jade three forks are named after the three-forked shape of the upper end of the object.
At present, the total number of jade three forks unearthed from archaeological excavations is about 30 pieces, but it is only found in Yuhang and Tongxiang in the north of Zhejiang. The jade three forks unearthed in the two places were first seen in the early period of Liangzhu culture and continued into the late period. It can be seen that the Yu San fork is an indispensable member of the Liangzhu culture jade family in these two places.
Studies have shown that in the early and middle stages of Liangzhu, the middle fork is mostly lower than the side forks, but there is no small difference in the material and morphology between Yuhang and Tongxiang. The three forks unearthed from the Yaoshan and the anti-mountain of the Yuhang Liangzhu site are all the real stone jade products. The front and back sides of the object are evenly flat, or the front side is slightly curved and the back is flat. A few front sides engrave the ornamentation of the face of the gods. When unearthed, most of the forks were connected to a long jade tube. Although there were "holes" and "stitching holes" on the forks on both sides of the three-forked fork during this period, there were "rive holes" at the bottom, but no longitudinal holes were found at the top of the side forks.
The three forks of the Tomb of Yaoshan No. 7 are 4.8 cm high, 8.5 cm wide and 0.8 cm thick. The front and back sides are even, and the front side is engraved with the motif of the gods and the face of the gods. The side forks are the heads of the gods with opposite sides, and the middle fork is the animal face with the upper crown. This three-fork shape is regular and beautifully decorated, representing the highest level of the production of the Yuzhong fork in the early and middle stages of Liangzhu. However, the three forks of the same period in the Tongxiang area were all of the "fake jade" pyrophyllite products. The middle fork is extremely short, and the downward convex shape is stepped, and the overall shape is a square-shaped "Y" shape, which reflects the distinctive regional characteristics.
In the mid-late period of the Liangzhu period, the materials and shapes of the Yuji forks in the two places tend to be close, and the pyrophyllite tridents in the Tongxiang area disappeared. The two places saw the amphibole jade products. In terms of form, the middle fork is slightly lower than the forks on both sides, and the difference between the front and the back is emphasized. The front is often slightly curved, a few exquisitely engraved on the theme of the human face; the back is formed by four layers of square bumps on the upper part of the trigeminal upper part and the lower part of the middle fork, and the vertical perforations are formed on the protrusions. hole. The shape of the back-bumping bumps continues to the late Liangzhu and becomes the mainstream shape of the three-fork. In the late three-fork, the trigeminal tip is flush, and the area connecting the lower part of the object becomes larger, and only the upper concavities and convexities form three branches. There are still four upper and lower protrusions on the back side, but the upper three-pronged bumps are often connected in one body, and the lower ends of the bumps are connected in a straight line.
The unique shape and excellent craftsmanship of the Yu San forks all show its extraordinary functional significance. From the analysis of archaeological data such as the combination of funerary objects and excavation positions, the Yu San fork is probably unique to the male nobles of Liangzhu culture. A head ornament that marks their special status.
However, it has no functional significance, but it has not yet formed a convincing understanding. Is it a jade scorpion assembled on an organic mast or a jade ornament sewn on the forehead? We are looking forward to the new discovery of archaeological discoveries.
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